论中国设计理论与技术创新——技术设计学体系基本问题研究论纲①

一年一度的“中国设计理论与‘中国工匠’培育高端论坛”旨在探讨、研究与实践中国设计理论体系的当代建构问题，以期对中国未来发展做出中国设计理论界自己的努力和贡献。本研究聚焦设计与技术之内在逻辑关系的探讨，重点探索中国设计理论与技术创新问题。系统考察与研究中国设计理论的概念、基本内涵、特征及其价值；深入探讨如何把握技术创新的基本内涵、价值追求及其当代意义；特别考察中国设计理论建设中的技术创新问题。本次的亮点是设计治理理论问题的提出与探索，具有极大的现实价值和理论意义。这些问题正是中国当代文化转型发展的重大理论问题。本研究尝试性探讨技术设计学体系建构的基本问题。     

基于Nvivo12 Plus的劳动教育实践基地评定标准分析

劳动教育是培养人全面发展的重要组成部分,劳动教育实践基地评定标准对劳动教育基地建设有着重要的引领指导作用。本文采用Nvivo12 Plus对7个省市的劳动教育实践基地评定标准进行编码和归类分析,发现已设立的评定标准体系具有强调安全运行是劳动教育实践基地建设的重心、设施完备是劳动教育实践基地建设的中心、育人功能是劳动教育实践基地建设的核心等一些共同特征,但也存在如忽视对教学反馈的评价、内容过于笼统不够全面、忽视基地师资力量评价、各省指标趋同缺乏指向性等问题。为更好地发挥评定标准体系的引领作用,应将教育基地的教学反馈纳入评定标准体系,明确将师资力量构成列为评估指标,增加体验新兴劳动形态的教育内容,在评定标准中彰显地方特性,使劳动教育实践基地评定标准体系更好服务于劳动教育发展的需要。     

Influence of LiBO2 addition on the microstructure and lithium-ion conductivity of Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3(x = 0.3) ceramic electrolyte

Concerning the safety problems of conventional Li-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes, it is crucial to develop reliable solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity. Li_1+xAl_xTi_2?x(PO₄)₃ (LATP, x = 0.3) is regarded as one of the most promising solid electrolytes due to its high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability to humidity.Herein, a new strategy is proposed for improving the sintering behavior and enhancing the ionic conductivity of LATP by using LiBO₂ as the sintering aid via liquid phase sintering. The as-prepared sample LATP with homogeneous microstructure and high relative density of 97.1% was successfully synthesized, yielding high total ionic conductivity of 3.5 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 and low activation energy of 0.39 eV at room temperature. It was found that the addition of LiBO₂ could effectively enhance the densification and increase the ionic conductivity of LATP electrolyte, proving an effective way to synthesis LATP ceramics by a simple and reliable route.     

Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsia in psocids collected from herbs

The aims of this study were to assess the psocids that potentially carry Rickettsia and to characterize Rickettsia species. We collected booklice from dried fragments of Chinese medicinal herbs for retail. Species identification and Rickettsia detection were performed by using nondestructive DNA extraction method and PCR. Of the 224 booklice samples collected, the following species were identified: Liposcelis pearmani (50.89%), L. bostrychophila (25.89%) and L. entomophila (23.21%). Twenty-four samples were found to be positive for Rickettsia (10.71%, 24/224), and the number of Rickettsia-positive samples per species was as follows: L. pearmani (n = 10), L. bostrychophila (n = 8) and L. entomophila (n = 6). The phylogenetic tree revealed that the rickettsial agents found in booklice cluster along with Rickettsia felis belong to the spotted fever group (SFG). Mixed booklice contamination occurs in herbal fragments. The presence of Rickettsia-infected booklice suggests that there is a risk of louse-borne rickettsioses to humans in contact with herbs. These findings can contribute to the development of a disease control program that assists relevant practitioners and promotes public health.     

The Localization of “Imported” Urban Form in Northeast China: The Case Study on Circular–Radial Space in Dalian City

After the “imported” urban forms, which originated from foreign cultures, were transplanted into Chinese cities, they generate brand-new urbanscape but suffer from a lack of cultural roots and a disconnection with the mainstream of contemporary urban planning. Thus, their current value and potential in urban renewal are questioned. The study takes the circular–radial space from the Baroque cities as an example to clarify the motivation of its import from the west to northeast China. It further clarifies their adaptive changes in form and function in the local urban context, through a case study on Dalian City. The study finds that different geometric patterns of existing circular–radial space were influenced by European, American, and Japanese urban planning theories to varying degrees, but with equal emphasis on symbolism and functionality. Their implementation in Dalian has a continuity in time and space. But due to the changes in topography, traffic, and planning concepts, their forms and functions tend to be independent, their connection weakens, and their importance recedes after the street network. The circular–radial space in Dalian led to distinctive urbanscape. But during their inheritance and transformation, the rationality of new forms and functions, as well as the necessity of continuing the initial ones need to be dialectically considered, so as to avoid dogmatic revival and antique reproduction. Finally, the study reconsiders the concept of “localization” of “imported” urban form, and constructs a general research pattern to provide a new perspective for understanding the transformation of similar types of urban forms.     

《建筑师》创刊初十年对我国建筑学科再发展

本文系统分析并研究了（建筑师）1979—1989年间的发展历程，呈现这一时期文宝及其作者群的清况，以及该刊对中国建筑学科再发展的贡献，旨在为（建筑师）杂志的建设与发展提供参考。     

中药口服液提取工艺的分析

对中药口服液提取工艺进行了简单的分析讨论。其中,重点对现有的中药口服液提取工艺方法进行了探讨,并由此思考了水提醇沉法的优化改进,仅供参考。     

Patterns and stability of food preferences among a national representative sample of young,middle-aged,and elderly adults in China: A latent transition analysis

The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns and stability of, as well as the predictors for, Chinese adults’ food preferences. With the panel data set derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), latent class analysis (LCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to analyze the data of 8850 adults aged 18–40 years (young), 41–60 years (middle-aged) and 61 years above (elderly) over a 4-year period (year 2011 as baseline and year 2015 as follow-up). Latent class analysis revealed three types of food preferences: preference for fruits and vegetables, preference for a varied diet and low food preference. Gender, dietary knowledge, residence, education, and BMI were revealed as significant predictors of the class memberships. From baseline to follow-up, the most stable status in young adult group was preference for fruits and vegetables as it had a high transition probability 0.764 of remaining in the same class. While low food preference and preference for a varied diet statuses were unstable, they had transition probabilities of 0.590 and 0.554, respectively, moving to the preference for fruits and vegetables in year 2015. For middle-aged and elderly groups, the most stable and unstable statuses were preference for fruits and vegetables and preference for a varied diet, respectively. The unstable classes all had over 50% probability of moving to the preference for fruits and vegetables after four years. Potential explanations and implications are also discussed.     

乡村景观视角下传统村落现代营建监测数据库研究

面对中国传统村落保护的现实困境，拟解决在传统村落现代营建监管工作中,缺乏动态监测数据库平台的问题；通过建立乡村景观研究视角，进行传统村落的再认知；从实践出发，明确数据库构建的目标与原则；开展比对分析，确定空间数据库类型；构建“村域环境”监测内容；按照“人工景观”、“经营景观”、“自然景观”的景观分类，与“土地斑块”、“群体组合”、“单体要素”尺度层级，制定传统村落乡村景观的动态监测数据内容体系；最终完成传统村落现代营建动态监测数据库的设计。数据库可用于比对传统村落“新”、“老”乡村景观的特征，为传统村落现代营建的动态智能监管、档案资料存储、保护规划编制、乡村景观研究等工作，提供数字平台与虚拟模型。     

我国北方火炕烟囱中回风洞的数值模拟与分析

火炕采暖在我国北方农村地区非常普遍,为了取得更好的采暖效果,在原有火炕的基础上,以我国北方农村地区火炕中的回风洞(俗称“狗洞”)为研究对象,通过三组实验对烟囱进口处高温烟气的温度和速度进行了测定,依据流体运动中的三大守恒定律,分别建立了三组实验中烟囱内高温烟气流动的平面二维数学模型,利用FLUENT软件对烟囱内烟气的流动状态进行数值模拟,分析了烟囱进口烟气的运动趋势以及回风洞的有无对反风时火炕采暖系统的影响,最后得出结论是回风洞能有效地减弱外界风流的反向作用,阻止了突然自然反风而造成的烟气回流,甚至是火苗外窜的安全隐患。